Imported from openlibrary. Authors: Viktor E. Frankl
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Imported from openlibrary. Authors: Viktor E. Frankl
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1949 To the memory of my mother CONTENTS FOREWORD • HAROLD S. KUSHNER PREFACE TO THE 1992 EDITION I EXPERIENCES IN A CONCENTRATION CAMP II LOGOTHERAPY IN A NUTSHELL POSTSCRIPT 1984 THE CASE FOR A TRAGIC OPTIMISM AFTERWORD • WILLIAM J. WINSLADE FOREWORD VIKTOR FRANKL’S Man’s Search for Meaning is one of the great books of our time. Typically, if a book has one passage, one idea with the power to change a person’s life, that alone justiɹes reading it, rereading it, and ɹnding room for it on one’s shelves. It is ɹrst of all a book about survival. Like so many German and East European Jews who thought themselves secure in the 1930s, Frankl was cast into the Nazi network of concentration and extermination camps. Miraculously, he survived, in the biblical phrase “a brand plucked from the ɹre.” But his account in this book is less about his travails, what he suʃered and lost, than it is about the sources of his strength to survive. Several times in the course of the book, Frankl approvingly quotes the words of Nietzsche: “He who has a Why to live for can bear almost any How.” He describes poignantly those prisoners who gave up on life, who had lost all hope for a future and were inevitably the ɹrst to die. They died less from lack of food or medicine than from lack of hope, lack of something to live for. By contrast, Frankl kept himself alive and kept hope alive by summoning up thoughts of his wife and the prospect of seeing her again, and by dreaming at one point of lecturing after the war about the psychological lessons to be learned from the Auschwitz experience. Clearly, many prisoners who desperately wanted to live did die, some from disease, some in the crematoria. But Frankl’s concern is less with the question of why most died than it is with the question of why anyone at all survived. Terrible as it was, his experience in Auschwitz reinforced what was already one of his key ideas: Life is not primarily a quest for pleasure, as Freud believed, or a quest for power, as Alfred Adler taught, but a quest for meaning. The greatest task for any person is to ɹnd meaning in his or her life. Frankl saw three possible sources for meaning: in work (doing something signiɹcant), in love (caring for another person), and in courage during diʃcult times. Suʃering in and of itself is meaningless; we give our suʃering meaning by the way in which we respond to it. At one point, Frankl writes that a person “may remain brave, digniɹed and unselɹsh, or in the bitter ɹght for self-preservation he may forget his human dignity and become no more than an animal.” He concedes that only a few prisoners of the Nazis were able to do the former, “but even one such example is suʃcient proof that man’s inner strength may raise him above his outward fate.” Finally, Frankl’s most enduring insight, one that I have called on often in my own life and in countless counseling situations: Forces beyond your control can take away everything you possess except one thing, your freedom to choose how you will respond to the situation. You cannot control what happens to you in life, but you can always control what you will feel and do about what happens to you. There is a scene in Arthur Miller’s play Incident at Vichy in which an upper-middle-class professional man appears before the Nazi authority that has occupied his town and shows his credentials: his university degrees, his letters of reference from prominent citizens, and so on. The Nazi asks him, “Is that everything you have?” The man nods. The Nazi throws it all in the wastebasket and tells him: “Good, now you have nothing.” The man, whose self-esteem had always depended on the respect of others, is emotionally destroyed. Frankl would have argued that we are never left with nothing as long as we retain the freedom to choose how we will respond. My own congregational experience has shown me the truth of Frankl’s insights. I have known successful businessmen who, upon retirement, lost all zest for life. Their work had given their lives meaning.
Interpretation
Central ideas
Recurring concerns and concepts identified across the indexed text.
Meaning
WINSLADE FOREWORD VIKTOR FRANKL’S Man’s Search for Meaning is one of the great books of our time. Typically, if a book has one passage, one idea with the power to change a person’s life, that alone justiɹes reading it, rereading it, and ɹnding room for it on one’s shelves.
View supporting passages
“WINSLADE FOREWORD VIKTOR FRANKL’S Man’s Search for Meaning is one of the great books of our time.”
“Typically, if a book has one passage, one idea with the power to change a person’s life, that alone justiɹes reading it, rereading it, and ɹnding room for it on one’s shelves.”
“Several times in the course of the book, Frankl approvingly quotes the words of Nietzsche: “He who has a Why to live for can bear almost any How.” He describes poignantly those prisoners who gave up on life, who had lost all hope for a future and were inevitably the ɹrst to die.”
Freedom
At one point, Frankl writes that a person “may remain brave, digniɹed and unselɹsh, or in the bitter ɹght for self-preservation he may forget his human dignity and become no more than an animal.” He concedes that only a few prisoners of the Nazis were able to do the former, “but even one such example is suʃcient proof that man’s inner strength may raise him above his outward fate.” Finally, Frankl’s most enduring insight, one that I have called on often in my own life and in countless counseling situations: Forces beyond your control can take away everything you possess except one thing, your freedom to choose how you will respond to the situation. Frankl would have argued that we are never left with nothing as long as we retain the freedom to choose how we will respond.
View supporting passages
“At one point, Frankl writes that a person “may remain brave, digniɹed and unselɹsh, or in the bitter ɹght for self-preservation he may forget his human dignity and become no more than an animal.” He concedes that only a few prisoners of the Nazis were able to do the former, “but even one such example is suʃcient proof that man’s inner strength may raise him above his outward fate.” Finally, Frankl’s most enduring insight, one that I have called on often in my own life and in countless counseling situations: Forces beyond your control can take away everything you possess except one thing, your freedom to choose how you will respond to the situation.”
“Frankl would have argued that we are never left with nothing as long as we retain the freedom to choose how we will respond.”
“We who have come back, by the aid of many lucky chances or miracles—whatever one may choose to call them—we know: the best of us did not return.”
Responsibility
I therefore felt responsible for writing down what I had gone through, for I thought it might be helpful to people who are prone to despair. I want you to listen to what your conscience commands you to do and go on to carry it out to the best of your knowledge.
View supporting passages
“I therefore felt responsible for writing down what I had gone through, for I thought it might be helpful to people who are prone to despair.”
“I want you to listen to what your conscience commands you to do and go on to carry it out to the best of your knowledge.”
“His toes had become frostbitten, and the doctor on duty picked oʃ the black gangrenous stumps with tweezers, one by one.”
Faith and doubt
Thus, when we saw a comrade smoking his own cigarettes, we knew he had given up faith in his strength to carry on, and, once lost, the will to live seldom returned. There were two exceptions to this: politics and religion.
View supporting passages
“Thus, when we saw a comrade smoking his own cigarettes, we knew he had given up faith in his strength to carry on, and, once lost, the will to live seldom returned.”
“There were two exceptions to this: politics and religion.”
“The depth and vigor of religious belief often surprised and moved a new arrival.”
Family
1949 To the memory of my mother CONTENTS FOREWORD • HAROLD S. Whether it was a family milestone they wanted to live long enough to share or the prospect of doctors ɹnding a cure by studying their illness, having a Why to live for enabled them to bear the How.
View supporting passages
“1949 To the memory of my mother CONTENTS FOREWORD • HAROLD S.”
“Whether it was a family milestone they wanted to live long enough to share or the prospect of doctors ɹnding a cure by studying their illness, having a Why to live for enabled them to bear the How.”
“Just as the ideas in my book When Bad Things Happen to Good People gained power and credibility because they were oʃered in the context of my struggle to understand the illness and death of our son, Frankl’s doctrine of logotherapy, curing the soul by leading it to find meaning in life, gains credibility against the background of his anguish in Auschwitz.”
Love and compassion
Frankl saw three possible sources for meaning: in work (doing something signiɹcant), in love (caring for another person), and in courage during diʃcult times. That time blood rushed to my head because I had to listen to a man judge my life who had so little idea of it, a man (I must confess: the following remark, which I made to my fellow- prisoners after the scene, aʃorded me childish relief) “who looked so vulgar and brutal that the nurse in the out-patient ward in my hospital would not even have admitted him to the waiting room.” Fortunately the Capo in my working party was obligated to me; he had taken a liking to me because I listened to his love stories and matrimonial troubles, which he poured out during the long marches to our work site.
View supporting passages
“Frankl saw three possible sources for meaning: in work (doing something signiɹcant), in love (caring for another person), and in courage during diʃcult times.”
“That time blood rushed to my head because I had to listen to a man judge my life who had so little idea of it, a man (I must confess: the following remark, which I made to my fellow- prisoners after the scene, aʃorded me childish relief) “who looked so vulgar and brutal that the nurse in the out-patient ward in my hospital would not even have admitted him to the waiting room.” Fortunately the Capo in my working party was obligated to me; he had taken a liking to me because I listened to his love stories and matrimonial troubles, which he poured out during the long marches to our work site.”
“The truth—that love is the ultimate and the highest goal to which man can aspire.”
Suffering
Just as the ideas in my book When Bad Things Happen to Good People gained power and credibility because they were oʃered in the context of my struggle to understand the illness and death of our son, Frankl’s doctrine of logotherapy, curing the soul by leading it to find meaning in life, gains credibility against the background of his anguish in Auschwitz. Frankl, your book has become a true bestseller—how do you feel about such a success?” Whereupon I react by reporting that in the ɹrst place I do not at all see in the bestseller status of my book an achievement and accomplishment on my part but rather an expression of the misery of our time: if hundreds of thousands of people reach out for a book whose very title promises to deal with the question of a meaning to life, it must be a question that burns under their fingernails.
View supporting passages
“Just as the ideas in my book When Bad Things Happen to Good People gained power and credibility because they were oʃered in the context of my struggle to understand the illness and death of our son, Frankl’s doctrine of logotherapy, curing the soul by leading it to find meaning in life, gains credibility against the background of his anguish in Auschwitz.”
“Frankl, your book has become a true bestseller—how do you feel about such a success?” Whereupon I react by reporting that in the ɹrst place I do not at all see in the bestseller status of my book an achievement and accomplishment on my part but rather an expression of the misery of our time: if hundreds of thousands of people reach out for a book whose very title promises to deal with the question of a meaning to life, it must be a question that burns under their fingernails.”
“And yet sleep came and brought oblivion and relief from pain for a few hours.”
Justice
All sus- pected of this crime had to go into a small adjoining room. At ɹrst the prisoner looked away if he saw the punishment parades of another group; he could not bear to see fellow prisoners march up and down for hours in the mire, their movements directed by blows.
View supporting passages
“All sus- pected of this crime had to go into a small adjoining room.”
“At ɹrst the prisoner looked away if he saw the punishment parades of another group; he could not bear to see fellow prisoners march up and down for hours in the mire, their movements directed by blows.”
“At such a moment it is not the physical pain which hurts the most (and this applies to adults as much as to punished children); it is the mental agony caused by the injustice, the unreasonableness of it all.”
Close reading
Important passages
“Typically, if a book has one passage, one idea with the power to change a person’s life, that alone justiɹes reading it, rereading it, and ɹnding room for it on one’s shelves.”
This passage relates to Meaning.
MeaningChunk 3
“Several times in the course of the book, Frankl approvingly quotes the words of Nietzsche: “He who has a Why to live for can bear almost any How.” He describes poignantly those prisoners who gave up on life, who had lost all hope for a future and were inevitably the ɹrst to die.”
This passage relates to Meaning.
MeaningChunk 3
“Terrible as it was, his experience in Auschwitz reinforced what was already one of his key ideas: Life is not primarily a quest for pleasure, as Freud believed, or a quest for power, as Alfred Adler taught, but a quest for meaning.”
This passage relates to Meaning.
MeaningChunk 3
“Frankl saw three possible sources for meaning: in work (doing something signiɹcant), in love (caring for another person), and in courage during diʃcult times.”
This passage relates to Love and compassion, Meaning.
Love and compassionMeaningChunk 3
“You cannot control what happens to you in life, but you can always control what you will feel and do about what happens to you.”
This passage relates to Meaning.
MeaningChunk 4
“Frankl would have argued that we are never left with nothing as long as we retain the freedom to choose how we will respond.”
This passage relates to Freedom.
FreedomChunk 4
“Often it was the only thing that had given their lives meaning and, without it, they spent day after day sitting at home, depressed, “with nothing to do.” I have known people who rose to the challenge of enduring the most terrible aʀictions and situations as long as they believed there was a point to their suʃering.”
This passage relates to Meaning.
MeaningChunk 4
“Whether it was a family milestone they wanted to live long enough to share or the prospect of doctors ɹnding a cure by studying their illness,”
This passage relates to Family.
FamilyChunk 4
“Just as the ideas in my book When Bad Things Happen to Good People gained power and credibility because they were oʃered in the context of my struggle to understand the illness and death of our son, Frankl’s doctrine of logotherapy, curing the soul by leading it to find meaning in life, gains credibility against the background of his anguish in Auschwitz.”
This passage relates to Suffering, Meaning, Family.
SufferingMeaningFamilyChunk 5
“I ɹnd it signiɹcant that the Foreword to the 1962 edition of Man’s Search for Meaning was written by a prominent psychologist, Dr.”
This passage relates to Meaning.
MeaningChunk 5
“It insists that life is meaningful and that we must learn to see life as meaningful despite our circumstances.”
This passage relates to Meaning.
MeaningChunk 5
“Kushner is rabbi emeritus at Temple Israel in Natick, Massachusetts, and the author of several best-selling books, including When Bad Things Happen to Good People, Living a Life That Matters, and When All You’ve Ever Wanted Isn’t Enough.”
This passage relates to Meaning.
MeaningChunk 5
Literary reading
Literary analysis
Let me answer by recalling the following story. It is the inside story of a concentration camp, told by one of its survivors. This story is not about the suʃering and death of great heroes and martyrs, nor is it about the prominent Capos—prisoners who acted as trustees, having special privileges— or well-known prisoners.
Literary observation 1
Let me answer by recalling the following story.
Literary observation 2
It is the inside story of a concentration camp, told by one of its survivors.
Literary observation 3
This story is not about the suʃering and death of great heroes and martyrs, nor is it about the prominent Capos—prisoners who acted as trustees, having special privileges— or well-known prisoners.
Literary observation 4
As this story is about my experiences as an ordinary prisoner, it is important that I mention, not without pride, that I was not employed as a psychiatrist in camp, or even as a doctor, except for the last few weeks.
Literary observation 5
I want to show with this apparently trivial story that there are moments when indignation can rouse even a seemingly hardened prisoner—indignation not about cruelty or pain, but about the insult connected with it.
Literary observation 6
I had made an impression on him with my diagnosis of his character and with my psychotherapeutic advice.
Ideas
Philosophical analysis
WINSLADE FOREWORD VIKTOR FRANKL’S Man’s Search for Meaning is one of the great books of our time. Terrible as it was, his experience in Auschwitz reinforced what was already one of his key ideas: Life is not primarily a quest for pleasure, as Freud believed, or a quest for power, as Alfred Adler taught, but a quest for meaning. The greatest task for any person is to ɹnd meaning in his or her life.
Philosophical observation 1
WINSLADE FOREWORD VIKTOR FRANKL’S Man’s Search for Meaning is one of the great books of our time.
Philosophical observation 2
Terrible as it was, his experience in Auschwitz reinforced what was already one of his key ideas: Life is not primarily a quest for pleasure, as Freud believed, or a quest for power, as Alfred Adler taught, but a quest for meaning.
Philosophical observation 3
The greatest task for any person is to ɹnd meaning in his or her life.
Philosophical observation 4
Frankl saw three possible sources for meaning: in work (doing something signiɹcant), in love (caring for another person), and in courage during diʃcult times.
Philosophical observation 5
Suʃering in and of itself is meaningless; we give our suʃering meaning by the way in which we respond to it.
Philosophical observation 6
At one point, Frankl writes that a person “may remain brave, digniɹed and unselɹsh, or in the bitter ɹght for self-preservation he may forget his human dignity and become no more than an animal.” He concedes that only a few prisoners of the Nazis were able to do the former, “but even one such example is suʃcient proof that man’s inner strength may raise him above his outward fate.” Finally, Frankl’s most enduring insight, one that I have called on often in my own life and in countless counseling situations: Forces beyond your control can take away everything you possess except one thing, your freedom to choose how you will respond to the situation.
Context
Historical context
By contrast, Frankl kept himself alive and kept hope alive by summoning up thoughts of his wife and the prospect of seeing her again, and by dreaming at one point of lecturing after the war about the psychological lessons to be learned from the Auschwitz experience. And in its original version, before a postscript was added, it concluded with one of the most religious sentences written in the twentieth century: We have come to know Man as he really is. Shortly before the United States entered World War II, I received an invitation to come to the American Consulate in Vienna to pick up my immigration visa.
Historical observation 1
By contrast, Frankl kept himself alive and kept hope alive by summoning up thoughts of his wife and the prospect of seeing her again, and by dreaming at one point of lecturing after the war about the psychological lessons to be learned from the Auschwitz experience.
Historical observation 2
And in its original version, before a postscript was added, it concluded with one of the most religious sentences written in the twentieth century: We have come to know Man as he really is.
Historical observation 3
Shortly before the United States entered World War II, I received an invitation to come to the American Consulate in Vienna to pick up my immigration visa.
Historical observation 4
These might become a contribution to the psychology of prison life, which was investigated after the First World War, and which acquainted us with the syndrome of “barbed wire sickness.” We are indebted to the Second World War for enriching our knowledge of the “psychopathology of the masses” (if I may quote a variation of the well-known phrase and title of a book by LeBon), for the war gave us the war of nerves and it gave us the concentration camp.
Historical observation 5
Auschwitz must have been a strange spot in this Europe of the last years of the war.
Historical observation 6
There were two exceptions to this: politics and religion.
Reflection
Questions to carry
philosophical
What does genuine freedom require, and what responsibilities accompany it?
Consider whether freedom is presented as liberation, burden, temptation or moral obligation.
ethical
To what extent are people responsible for consequences they desired but did not directly cause?
Consider the relationship between thought, intention, action, guilt and shared responsibility.
theological
How does the work distinguish faith from certainty?
Examine how belief is tested by suffering, doubt, reason and human relationships.
ethical
Does suffering transform the characters, or merely expose who they already are?
Compare the different ways characters respond to pain, loss and injustice.
philosophical
Is legal judgment presented as equivalent to moral judgment?
Notice where institutional justice agrees or conflicts with conscience and truth.
Your reading
Personal synthesis
Add notes or annotate saved quotations, then refresh Book Intelligence to generate a reflection on what you are noticing in this book.
146 source chunks275,373 characters analyseddeterministic-book-v2-personalGenerated 1 Aug 2026, 19:01