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Analysing Moral Bias in Finetuned LLMs through Mechanistic Interpretability

Bianca RaimondiDaniela DalbagnoMaurizio Gabbrielli
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10.2139/ssrn.6765414

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to internalize human-like biases during finetuning, yet the mechanisms by which these biases manifest remain unclear. In this work, we investigated whether the well-known Knobe effect, a moral bias in intentionality judgements, emerges in finetuned LLMs and whether it can be traced back to specific components of the model. We conducted a Layer-Patching analysis across 3 open-weights LLMs and demonstrated that the bias is not only learned during finetuning but also localized in a specific set of layers. Surprisingly, we found that patching activations from the corresponding pretrained model into just a critical layer is sufficient to eliminate the effect. Our findings indicate that social biases in LLMs can be interpreted, localized, and mitigated through targeted interventions, without the need for model retraining.

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